Aristotle

"...Here we will have the science to study that which is just as that which is, both in its essence and in the properties which, just as a thing that is, it has..."

Time Period: 388-322 BC

Background: One of the most famous Greek philosophers and scientists, Aristotle wrote numerous works on metaphysics and the philosophy of life. He established his own school, the Lyceum, where students and teachers alike held discussions on philosophy, belief, and science.

Belief: Aristotle rejected Democritus's belief that matter was consisted of atoms. Democritus believed that there must be atoms, because no object or substance could be infinitely divisible, for it would lead to the absurd conclusion that there would be nothing else to assemble. Aristotle, however, argued that matter was continuous, that it was not made up of smaller particles. He called this continuous substance hyle, and rejected the theory that matter was composed of atoms.

Contribution: Aristotle, though a great philosopher and thinker, hindered the acceptance of understanding atomic theory. Democritus's belief had been very general and stated without much evidence, so people did not believe him as readily as they did Aristotle, who, at the time, boasted a great reputation. It wasn't until the 17th century did people begin to express doubts to Aristotle.